Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule of the Exchange Act. :

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If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Except for historical matters, the matters discussed in this Annual Report on Form are forward-looking statements that are subject to a number of significant risks and uncertainties and are based on information as of the date hereof. These statements are generally indicated by the use of forward-looking terminology such as the words “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “may”, “plan”, “project”, “will”, “could”, “might”, “should” and other words and phrases of similar import that express an indication of actions or results of actions that may or are expected to occur in the future. These statements appear in a number of places throughout this Annual Report on Form and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies and the industries in which we operate.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industries in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form Important factors that could cause those differences include, but are not limited to:

The factors identified above are believed to be important factors (but not necessarily all of the important factors) that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us. Other factors not discussed herein could also have material adverse effects on us. All forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement (or its associated cautionary language), whether as a result of new information or future events.

References to “US$” and “US dollars” are to United States dollars and references to “NT$” and “NT dollars” are to New Taiwan dollars. This Annual Report on Form contains translations of certain NT dollar amounts into US dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from NT dollars to US dollars and from US dollars to NT dollars were made at the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers in NT dollars per US dollar as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as of December 30, 2021, which was NT$27.74 to US$1.00. We make no representation that the NT dollar or US dollar amounts referred to in this Annual Report on Form could have been or could be converted into US dollars or NT dollars, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.

Disruptions in global credit, financial markets, trade tensions and may occur that causes diminished liquidity and limited availability of credit, reduced consumer confidence, reduced economic growth, increased unemployment rates and uncertainty about economic stability. Limited availability of credit in financial markets may lead consumers and businesses to postpone spending. This in turn may cause our customers to cancel, decrease or delay their existing and future orders with us. Particularly, the economics uncertainty caused by trade tensions and will impact the end product market demand. It directly affects the inventory elimination of our customers. Financial difficulties experienced by our customers or suppliers as a result of these conditions could lead to production delays and delays or defaults in payment of accounts receivable. Continuing credit markets disruption restricts our access to capital and limits our ability to fund operations or to refinance maturing obligations as they become due through additional borrowing or other sources of financing. We are not able to predict the occurrence, frequency, duration or extent of disruptions in global credit and financial markets, or when the trade tensions could be settled down. These conditions increase the difficulty of accurately forecasting and planning our business activities. If these conditions and uncertainties by occur or continue, or if credit and financial markets and confidence in economic conditions deteriorate, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Market conditions in the semiconductor industry track, to a large degree, those for their applications. Any deterioration in the market conditions for the applications of semiconductors we test and assemble could reduce demand for our services and, in turn, could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our revenue is largely attributable to fees derived from testing and assembling semiconductors for use in personal computers, communications equipment, consumer electronic products and display applications. A significant decrease in demand for products in these markets could put pricing pressure on our assembly and testing services and negatively affect our revenue and earnings. The LCD driver market often aligns with broader economic trend, we cannot give any assurances that there will not be any downturn in the future or that any future downturn will not affect our results of operations. Any significant decrease in demand for applications of semiconductors will negatively affect our revenue and earnings.

Integrated device manufacturers, or IDMs, continue to increasingly outsource stages of the semiconductor production process, including assembly and testing, to independent companies like us to shorten production cycles. In addition, the availability of advanced independent semiconductor manufacturing services has also enabled the growth of “fabless” semiconductor companies that focus exclusively on design and marketing and outsource their manufacturing, assembly and testing requirements to independent companies. A substantial portion of our revenue is indirectly generated from providing semiconductor assembly and testing services to these IDMs and fabless companies. We cannot assure you that these companies will continue to outsource their assembly and testing requirements to independent companies like us. A reversal of, or a slowdown in, this outsourcing trend could result in reduced demand for our services, which in turn could reduce our profitability.

The semiconductor assembly and testing markets are very competitive. We face competition from a number of IDMs with assembly and testing capabilities and other independent semiconductor assembly and testing companies. Our competitors may have access to more advanced technologies and greater financial and other resources than we do. Many of our competitors have shown a willingness to reduce prices quickly and sharply in the past to maintain capacity utilization in their facilities during periods of reduced demand. In addition, an increasing number of our competitors conduct their operations in lower cost centers in Asia such as Mainland China. Any renewed or continued erosion in the prices or demand for our assembly and testing services as a result of increased competition could adversely affect our profits.

Our assembly and testing services for LCD, OLED and other display panel driver semiconductors generated revenue of NT$6,922 million, NT$7,023 million and NT$8,211 million (US$296 million) in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Including gold bump, the revenue of LCD, OLED and other display panel driver semiconductors accounted for around 47% in 2021. We invested NT$3,078 million, NT$2,143 million and NT$2,749 million (US$99 million) in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively, on equipment for or COF and or COG, technologies, which are used in assembly and testing services for LCD, OLED and other display panel driver semiconductors. Most of this equipment may not be used for technologies other than COF or COG. The market demand for LCD, OLED and other display panel driver semiconductors increased in 2018 particularly the wafer test for TDDI in the second half of 2020. Any significant decrease in demand for these products and our related services would significantly impair our capacity utilization rates. That may result in our inability to generate sufficient revenue to cover the significant depreciation expenses for the equipment used in testing and assembling LCD, OLED and other display panel driver semiconductors, thereby negatively affecting our profitability. See also “—Because of our high fixed costs, if we are unable to achieve relatively high capacity utilization rates, our earnings and profitability may be adversely affected”.

These and other factors have, from time to time, contributed to lower production yields. They may do so in the future, particularly as we expand our capacity or change our processing steps. In addition, to be competitive, we must continue to expand our offering of packages. Our production yields on new packages typically are significantly lower than our production yields on our more established packages. Our failure to maintain high standards or acceptable production yields, if significant and prolonged, could result in a loss of customers, increased costs of production, delays, substantial amounts of returned goods and related claims by customers. Further, to the extent our customers have set target production yields, we may be required to compensate our customers in a manner. Any of these problems could materially adversely affect our business reputation and result in reduced revenue and profitability.

We are subject to various laws and regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of chemical of, and water used in, our assembly and gold bumping processes. Although we have not suffered material environmental claims in the past, a failure or a claim that we have failed to comply with any present or future regulations could result in the assessment of damages or imposition of fines against us, suspension of production or a cessation of our operations or negative publicity. New regulations could require us to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant expenses. Any failure on our part to control the use of, or adequately restrict the discharge of, hazardous substances could subject us to future liabilities that may materially reduce our earnings.

We depend on the continued service of our executive officers and skilled engineering, technical and other personnel. We will also be required to hire a substantially greater number of skilled employees in connection with our expansion plans. In particular, we depend on a number of skilled employees in connection with our LCD, OLED and other display panel driver semiconductor assembly and testing services, and the competition for such employees in Taiwan is intense. We may not be able to either retain our present personnel or attract additional qualified personnel as and when needed. Moreover, we do not carry key person insurance for any of our executive officers nor do we have employment contracts with any of our executive officers or employees, and, as a result, none of our executive officers or employees is bound by any agreement. If we lose any of our key personnel, it could be very difficult to find and integrate replacement personnel, which could affect our ability to provide our services, resulting in reduced revenue and earnings. In addition, we may need to increase employee compensation levels in order to retain our existing officers and employees and to attract additional personnel. As of March 31, 2022, 20% of the workforces at our facilities are foreign workers employed by us under work permits that are subject to government regulations on renewal and other terms. Consequently, if the regulations in Taiwan relating to the employment of foreign workers were to become significantly more restrictive or if we are otherwise unable to attract or retain these workers at reasonable cost, we may be unable to maintain or increase our level of services and may suffer reduced revenue and earnings.

The ROC laws and regulations previously prohibited any transfer of semiconductor assembly and testing technologies to any person or entity located in Mainland China, except for transfers involving certain semiconductor assembly and testing technologies, such as conventional wire bond assembly technology, if certain requirements are met. The ROC Ministry of Economic Affairs (“MOEA”) has the ultimate administrative authority in interpreting such laws and regulations. In February 2010, these restrictions have been relaxed, so that ROC entities may transfer semiconductor assembly and testing technologies to any person or entity located in Mainland China after they have obtained approval from the Investment Commission of the ROC Ministry of Economic Affairs (“MOEAIC”). Under a technology transfer agreement, dated August 1, 2002, ChipMOS Bermuda, the parent company of the Company before its merger with and into the Company effective on October 31, 2016, licensed to Unimos Shanghai (formerly known as ChipMOS TECHNOLOGIES (Shanghai) LTD.) certain assembly and test-related technologies that were then controlled by ChipMOS Bermuda, which included technologies that were licensed to ChipMOS Bermuda by the Company. ChipMOS Bermuda continued to license such technologies to Unimos Shanghai pursuant to a technology transfer agreement dated October 3, 2011 with effective date of August 1, 2012. ChipMOS Bermuda also provided Unimos Shanghai with technical support and consulting services under this agreement. Following the merger of ChipMOS Bermuda and the Company which was effective on October 31, 2016 (the “Merger”), the Company is the surviving company to provide Unimos Shanghai with technical support and consulting services. On May 27, 2016, the Company and Unimos Shanghai executed another technology transfer and license agreement under which the Company licensed Unimos Shanghai certain technologies relating to LCD driver IC assembly and testing and wafer bumping. The Company and Unimos Shanghai further executed the first addendum and the second addendum to such technology transfer and license agreement on August 5, 2016 and January 19, 2017, respectively, to revise the term, and license fee and running royalty of such license arrangement. On April 1, 2020, the Company and Unimos Shanghai mutually agreed to terminate the technology transfer agreement.

Any future outbreak of contagious diseases, such as avian influenza virus subtypes H5N1, H9N2 and H7N9 and swine influenza virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2, New Influenza A or more commonly known as the “bird flu” and “swine flu”, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (“SARS”), or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus for which there is inadequate treatment or no known cure or vaccine, may potentially result in a quarantine of infected employees and related persons, and adversely affect our operations at one or more of our facilities or the operations of our customers or suppliers.

The pandemic persists as of the date hereof. Many countries have taken extreme measures to contain the transmission, including total or partial lockdown of the infected areas, travel bans, closures of factories, among others. Governments around the world implemented enhanced screenings, quarantine requirements, and travel restrictions in connection with pandemic. Many suppliers in the semi-conductor industry have had work forces disrupted due to the quarantine requirements and restricted travel. The extent of the continuing impact on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including, but not limited to, the travel advisories and restrictions and the speed of vaccination program in key markets, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. Preventing the effects from and responding to the market disruption of this or any other public health threat, related or otherwise, may further increase costs of our business and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. As a result, may incur expenses or delays relating to such events outside of our control, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.

The pandemic has resulted in significant governmental measures being implemented to control the spread of and its variants, including, among others, restrictions on travel, manufacturing and the movement of employees in many regions of the world. Our principal executive offices and our assembly and testing facilities are located in Taiwan and we maintain sales and marketing offices in Taiwan, the United States and Mainland China. If the remote or work from home conditions in any of our offices continues for an extended period of time, we may experience delays in product development, a decreased ability to support our customers, and overall lack of productivity. Pandemics and epidemics such as the current outbreak or other widespread public health problems could negatively impact our business. Our customers may also experience closures of their manufacturing facilities or inability to obtain other components, either of which could negatively impact demand for our solutions. has negatively impacted the overall economy and, as a result of the foregoing, will potentially negatively impact our operating results for fiscal year 2022.

In 2016 and 2020, Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party (“DPP”) won Taiwan’s Presidential Elections and the DPP gained a majority in Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan (the unicameral legislature of the ROC) since 2016. President Tsai and the DPP had stressed on how they are keen to maintain the status quo with the PRC. However, the PRC has since ramped up pressures through various means on the Tsai administration for her refusal to accept the “One China” principle. It is uncertain how these different measures may affect our financial condition and results of operations, and there is no assurance that any future measures imposed by the PRC or ROC would not adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

Since 2018, there have been political and trade tensions among many of the world’s major economies. These tensions have resulted in the imposition of tariff, trade barriers and sanctions, including export control restrictions and sanctions against certain countries and individual companies. These trade barriers and other measures have particularly impacted the semiconductor industry and related markets. Prolonged or increased use of trade barriers and such measures may result in a decrease in the growth of the global economy and the semiconductor industry, causing disturbance in global markets that often result in declines in electronic products sales from which we generate our income through our products and services. Also, any increase in the use of export control restrictions and sanctions to target certain countries and entities, any expansion of the extraterritorial jurisdiction of export control laws, or complete or partial ban on semiconductor products sales to certain entities could impact not only our ability to continue supplying products to those customers, but also our customers’ demand for our products, and could even lead to changes in semiconductor supply chains.

Conversely, measures adopted by an affected country to counter the impacts of another country’s actions or regulations could lead to significant legal liability to multinational corporations including our own. For example, the PRC Ministry of Commerce promulgated the Blocking Statute and the Provisions on the Unreliable Entity List in January 2021 and September 2020, and in furtherance of that, the “Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law” was promulgated by the PRC government on June 10, 2021 to systematize the sanctions imposed by the PRC government on foreign individuals and organizations that, among other matters, entitles Chinese entities incurring damages from a multinational’s compliance with foreign laws to seek civil remedies. The imposition of trade sanctions or other regulations or the loss of “normal trade relations” status with the PRC could significantly increase our production cost and harm our business. As of the date of this annual report, our current results of operations have not been materially affected by the expanded export control regulations or the novel rules or measures adopted to counteract them. Nevertheless, depending on future developments of global trade tensions, such regulations, rules, or measures may have an adverse effect on our business and operations, and we may incur significant legal liability and financial losses as a result.

Multiple radioactive gases could possibly be emitted in a situation where uranium attains a “meltdown” state, which is a severe overheating of the core of a nuclear reactor, in which the core melts and radiation and heat are caused to escape. This would occur if the containment system partially or fully fails. The particles that are released with the gases due to the meltdown would be the spewed particles of and These might enter into a human by being swallowed, absorbed through the skin, or inhaled. Depending on the chemical characteristics of each of these and their predilection for certain body tissues, they could cause cancers of such organs as bones, soft tissues near bones, thyroid gland, and the bone marrow (typically known as leukemia).

On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”). Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which, if signed into law, would amend the HFCAA and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three consecutive years. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCAA. The final amendments require Commission-Identified Issuers to submit documentation to the SEC establishing that, if true, it is not owned or controlled by a governmental entity in the public accounting firm’s foreign jurisdiction. The amendments also require that a Commission-Identified Issuer that is a “foreign issuer,” as defined in Exchange Act Rule provide certain additional disclosures in its annual report for itself and any of its consolidated foreign operating entities. Further, the release provides notice regarding the procedures the SEC has established to identify issuers and to impose trading prohibitions on the securities of certain Commission-Identified Issuers, as required by the HFCAA. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China, and (2) Hong Kong.

When a holder of our ADSs elects to withdraw and hold our shares represented by our ADSs, such holder of our ADSs will be required to appoint an agent for filing tax returns and making tax payments in the ROC. Such agent will be required to meet the qualifications set by the ROC Ministry of Finance and, upon appointment, will become the guarantor of the withdrawing holder’s tax payment obligations. Evidence of the appointment of a tax guarantor, the approval of such appointment by the ROC tax authorities and tax clearance certificates or evidentiary documents issued by such tax guarantor may be required as conditions to such holder repatriating the profits derived from the sale of our shares. We cannot assure you that a withdrawing holder will be able to appoint, and obtain approval for, a tax guarantor in a timely manner.

In addition, under the current ROC law, such withdrawing holder is required to register with the TWSE and appoint a local agent in the ROC to, among other things, open a bank account and open a securities trading account with a local securities brokerage firm, pay taxes, remit funds and exercise such holder’s rights as a shareholder. Furthermore, such withdrawing holder must appoint a local bank or local securities firm to act as custodian for confirmation and settlement of trades, safekeeping of securities and cash proceeds and reporting and declaration of information. Without satisfying these requirements, withdrawing holders of our ADSs would not be able to hold or otherwise subsequently sell our shares on TWSE or otherwise. Appointment of an agent or a tax guarantor might also incur additional costs.

In addition, the depositary may also convert into NT dollars incoming payments for purchase of common shares for deposit in ADR facility against the creation of additional ADSs. However, the depositary may be required to obtain foreign exchange approval from the Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) on a basis for conversion from NT dollars into foreign currencies of the proceeds from the sale of subscription rights for new common shares. We cannot assure you that any approval will be obtained in a timely manner, or at all.

The following chart illustrates our corporate structure and our equity interest in each of our principal subsidiaries as of the date of this Annual Report on Form